Egypt's capitals during the era of the Pharaohs
Is currently working with a group of scientists and archaeologists to restore life to the ruins of the capital of ancient Egypt. The US Agency for Development (USAID) is offering a £ 1 million grant. The development includes portals, columns, walls and a large temple, The registrar is part of the UNESCO World Heritage.
The Russian expedition is carrying out excavation work in Tel-Aziz (Tal Tuman) to uncover the old palaces of mud bricks. The project continues for a period of two years, while the University of York, Canada, presents an archaeological plan for the archaeological and cultural development of the area.
Ibrahim Refaat, the director of the ruins of Mait Rahina or the old Manf, confirmed that there is a team of archaeologists who are organizing a training program to uncover the buried heritage. The Memphis site is important and the existing projects will make it a global cultural destination. Throughout the ages is no less important than the temples located in Luxor, politically, religiously and economically, especially that the temple of "God Ptah" is one of the temples built in the era of the modern state.
The first phase of the project aims at comprehensive development through the preparation of corridors for the visit, the preparation of roads in the area, as well as the opening of the Temple of Tahnit, the Temple of Hathor, and the Citi I cell, and the discovery of the history of palaces buried in Tel Aziz, The archeological sites in Egypt have not been decided in the next few years, locally or internationally, and the most important sites in Egypt, highlighting the global importance of history and humanity, and the development of the museum The only one in the region to make paintings The introduction of artifacts for display, and the upgrading of service efficiency.
The oldest capital in history
He said that the importance of a dead hostage or the city of Memphis is due to the fact that it is the first capital and city in the history of Egypt, and has acquired special importance in preserving the Egyptian national heritage since it was taken by Mina united Qatar and Egypt, despite the importance of the city, Others, the whole region suffered from problems magnified by the neglect of most of its effects, and focus on the pyramids of Giza without attention to the origin and beginnings of civilization in Memphis capital.
White wall
(Memphis, Memphis or Memphis) is an ancient Egyptian city within the World Heritage Sites. It was founded in 3200 BC by King Narmer. It was the capital of Egypt in the era of the Old Kingdom (Sects 3-6). It was the worship of the god Ptah, 19 kilometers south of Cairo, and was known as the "White Wall" until the twenty-sixth century BC until the Egyptians called the name of "Nafer", a name that the Greeks, Memphis and then the Arabs called it "Memphis".
He pointed out that the village of Mitt Rahina or Memphis old has been neglected for a long time and the effects of severe damage such as the temple (Ptah), one of the most important ancient Egyptian temples, which has been neglected, so developed a plan to develop the entire area to grovel effects to save as possible Where there are only three statues of Ramses II and another of the Sphinx and some monuments.
The museum is characterized by the presence of a huge statue of Ramses weighing about 100 tons, and the length up to the highest distance of about 10 meters and is due to the family 19, The Sphinx is a stone of alabaster, and can double the number of tourists with the development of the region and provide various tourist services, there Temple of God Ptah, And there is a problem of rising water below the temple, which covers some of the stones, which represents a real danger to the composition or life span, and difficult to build the temple or lifting stones, a problem facing the temple in the winter or after Summer due to availability of water and near the Nile from the There is also the temple of Hathor, where moisture is high and some statues are in a very low area, and the temple of embalming, which needs to be rebuilt all the stones again to restore the temple to what it was.
Open world museum
He added that the city is located on an area of a thousand acres, the effects of which are currently about 30% only, because of the increase Which led to the decline of tourism movement and the decline in service, pointing out that the project of modernization and development of the region is also aimed at providing investments in the establishment of service projects, tourism and civil revival of the local economy, To increase the level of the economic and living population; to assist them in setting up small projects and developing handicrafts and handicrafts; New roads, the spread of green spaces, the planning of the area, the allocation of archaeological and tourist areas and green spaces, the prevention of any sources of pollution and the groundwater that threatens them, and linking the region with the major tourism programs associated with Saqqara and the pyramid and providing tourist services and facilities for tourists Active domestic tourism.
Immortal beauty
The historical researcher Farouk Askar adds that King Bibi I established the capital district (Memphis), which was known as the city of the white walls, and made Pepi the first seat of his rule in the new neighborhood and built near him a pyramid named "Nefr" meaning immortal beauty, The whole city, the capital, and the name Nafer in Arabic and the Coptic, and in the Greek to Memphis.
Then the status of Memphis fell under the reign of the kings of the Middle Kingdom and the modern state when the capital of Pharaonic Egypt moved to Thebes (present-day Luxor). Memphis was exposed to many events of history during the wars that broke out after the twenty-second family, and then began to regain its importance and status after the founding of Alexandria in 331 BC. M. Memphis was the head of Egypt's Copts when he was negotiating with Amr ibn al-Aas when he came to Egypt to open it. Some of the ruins of Memphis are still in ruins, and the site of the ancient city of Memphis remained important as a link between the delta and the highlands.
Kings of the sixth family
He pointed out that the kings of the sixth family set up their pyramids and established their oases at the nearest place of the "white wall" and from the name of the pyramid "Babi I", which was derived from the name of the " Including military equipment, armament and mortgaging of the killing vessels; it was the main distribution and trade center in Egypt.
Starting from the 18th Dynasty, a special temple was erected for both Baal and Ishtar, reflecting the importance of the Phoenician element in it. During the later period, some of the streets of this city were reserved for foreign merchants: Phoenicians, Greeks, and Karen. All of this luxury and glamor is left now, except for the neighboring cemeteries of the exiled families, as well as some of the kings of the central state.
Looting and vandalism
Dr. Abdel Halim Noureddine Professor of Pharaonic Archeology at Cairo University confirms that it is impossible for a human being to imagine a city of such importance and have such a long history in the Egyptian civilization and reach this bad situation, even if most of its contents have become ruins or have been violated by some citizens who miss the archaeological awareness And tourists, Memphis is the first capital in history to have been subjected to the destruction of elements of foreign occupation that invaded Egypt in the Pharaonic times, in order to survey the identity and depth and nature of Egyptian civilization, especially during the occupation of King Bnkhi one of the kings of the Kingdom of Pena in the old Sudan, Then came the Roman (Qambiz) who hit the city with his troops, and the priests killed the god of Ptah and the calf of Abys, but the city recovered its activity in the Ptolemaic and early Roman era, but the Roman Emperor Theodosius ordered the destruction of temples and the destruction of statues of the gods, and turned the city into a quarry moving stones for the construction of other facilities.
Archaeological temples
He said: The greatness of this city that it held up over those ages, where there is a collection of temples dedicated to the worship of God Ptah, and the temple of the famous Kaptah, which derived from the Greek name of Egypt Egobts, which spread in the world in different languages, a name for Egypt, These temples are only the ruins of the Temple of Ptah the Great, and the statue currently standing in the Great Egyptian Museum of King Ramses II, which built the temple and added to it by other kings many parts, and there is the temple Hathor, which was founded in the reign of Ramses and Mernptah, added to the first King City in the modern state compartment, And the temple of the gods is open T.
Dr. Abdul Halim Noureddine that the city includes a group of palaces, one of them to King Merneptah and the second King Ebris of the kings of the family 26, and still the ruins of the city includes the huge statue of granite and rose pink, a verse of beauty and sculpture in ancient Egypt, in addition to a collection of sculptures standing Ramses II , But after careful studies turned out to belong to King Sinusrt I of the kings of the family 12, and the city of Memphis old is now the largest statue of the Sphinx after the statue of Giza, which is the Alabaster and the modern state as well as a plaque from the reign of King Ibris.
And because Memphis impressed the creators, Homer mentioned the epic of the Iliad, the famous Odessa, the Arab historian Ibn Abd al-Hakim al-Qurashi, al-Yaqobi, and the Afghan imam in his writings, and on Pasha Mubarak, also known as the White Wall City and Alexander the Great. All this history and more lies in the folds. Oblivion and Neglect Despite UNESCO's adoption of this area within the World Heritage areas and its ruins now four villages are dead hostage, Azizia, Abuusir and Saqqara.
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