History of modern and contemporary Egypt in brief
Egypt
The official name is the Arab Republic of Egypt, which is one of the African countries that occupy the northeastern side of the continent. Part of it is located in the Asian continent, the Sinai peninsula. Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, to the north-east of Palestine, to the east to the Red Sea, , And Libya west.
The majority of Egypt's population is concentrated in the Nile Valley and Delta, and the northern coast overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. The rest of Egypt is composed of uninhabited desert lands. The presence of the Nile River and deserts, which constituted a natural obstacle for most of the invaders, has led to the formation of the most continuous civilization in the world. Ancient Egyptian civilization for thousands of years is a civilization that is the best in the world, and the shape of the Egyptian state has changed more than once throughout history, to the modern and contemporary stage.
History of modern Egypt
Most historians agree that Egypt's modern history dates back to the reign of Muhammad Ali, the ruler of modern Egypt, for reforms that encompassed various aspects of economic, political and social life.
He also established industrial centers for the manufacture of weapons, a naval fleet, a shipyard, irrigation conditions by constructing dams, arches and canal-digging. He also modernized education by establishing modern schools at various levels, including language schools.
Mohamed Ali sent missions to Europe to receive modern science. Despite his great achievements, after his death, Egypt was subjected to large foreign interventions, with great achievements but no impact on the Egyptian people, which led to the establishment of a national movement against foreign rule represented by the Arab revolution that ended the occupation And the end of its official dependence on the Ottoman Empire.
History of contemporary Egypt
The Egyptian national movement developed in the 20th century against British colonialism. The popular and political movements that were suppressed were strengthened until 1922 when Britain abolished protection from Egypt, with the presence of English troops in the Canal area.
In 1952, a group of military officers called themselves the Free Officers to lead the revolution, seize power and declare the republic. The Egyptian Republic evolved greatly under the rule of Gamal Abdel Nasser in terms of issuing laws for agrarian reform, economic and social development. Which was considered one of the top ten projects in the 20th century.
Egypt has fought a struggle against global colonialism and Zionism on more than one front, which ended with the occupation of Sinai in 1967, the entry into Egypt war of attrition and the October 1973 war to liberate Sinai from the Israeli occupation.
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