The full life story of the Pharaonic Queen Cleopatra
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| The statue of Queen Cleopatra's head is on display at the Altes Museum in Berlin. |
Queen Cleopatra VII, known as Cleopatra, is the last king of the Macedonian family, who ruled Egypt from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC until the occupation of Egypt by Rome in 30 BC.
Cleopatra was the daughter of Ptolemy XII. She succeeded him as queen in 51 BC, sharing the throne with her brother Ptolemy XIII. She has been described as beautiful and charming. In contrast to what is highlighted by the pictures that have arrived to us. As for the men who fell in love with her, she captivated them with their cute, funny personality, and cleverness.
She was always in conflict with her brother, who ended up being expelled from Egypt. The country was at that time a kingdom under Roman protection, and the main source of wheat for the Roman people. Caesar came to Egypt after the defeat of Bombay in Farsalus in 48 BC, and found the civil war still in place. And Cleopatra was trying to return to Egypt, so she suddenly appeared before Caesar wrapped in a rug - as they claim - so that she could beg him to help her in achieving her goal of returning to power. His family, either with her charms, or with the clear logic that she will be a better ruler than her brother. Caesar helped her to overcome Ptolemy who drowned at the end of the battle
Cleopatra ruled a few years. In the year 40 BC. M. Her kingdom was part of the share of the imperial who afflicted Marcus Antonius when it divided the Roman world with both Octavian and Lepidus after the slaughter of Julius Caesar. Marcus Antonius loved Cleopatra, and his affair cost him losing his favor in Rome.
Antonius' order to commit suicide ended after the defeat inflicted on him by Octavius at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. When Cleopatra heard the news, she committed suicide, too.
Her biography
Cleopatra VII (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ) (January 69 BC - 30 BC) Queen of Egypt, famous in history and drama for her relationship with Julius Caesar and then Marcus Antonius and the mother of Ptolemy XV (Caesaron).
She became queen upon the death of her father Ptolemy XII, in the year 51 BC and ruled consecutively with her two brothers, Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV (.., 67) and her son Ptolemy XV Caesarion after the victory of the armies of the Roman Octavian (later Emperor Augustus new) on their combined forces Cleopatra committed suicide, and so did Antony, and Egypt fell under the control of the Romans.
What history confirms to us about Cleopatra as one of the great queens of Egypt, whatever the disputes about her relationship with the policies of the Roman Empire, for she was, for example, the only one among the Ptolemaic dynasty that took it upon herself to learn the Egyptian language at the time, and she imitated the goddess Isis and claimed that she embodies her life on earth, She even called herself the "new Isis", which reflects the extent of her political intelligence and her seriousness in successfully ruling Egypt.
Cleopatra was a gifted queen, she spoke several languages, led armies at the age of twenty-one, and was educated in the beacon of knowledge of her time, Alexandria. She worked to restore the glories of her ruling family, and was able to extend stability and peace in the country during her reign, and to fight corruption, as she was witnessed to open grain stores for her people during the period of famines and raise taxes on them. At that time, Egypt was a prosperous country, under the rule of a queen whose people did not see a defect in its race, so it occupied it only with good management of the country.
Her life and wisdom
Born in 69 BC, Cleopatra was described as being actively influenced by Roman politics in a critical period, and she was described as coming to represent, as no other woman from antiquity, the first model of romantic seductive woman.
She is the daughter of King Ptolemy XII "Olites", and Cleopatra was destined to become the last queen of the Ptolemaic dynasty that ruled Egypt after Alexander the Great's death in 323 BC and annexed it to Rome in 30 BC.
The dynasty was founded by Alexander Ptolemy, who became King Ptolemy I of Egypt. Cleopatra was a Ptolemaic dynasty. For political reasons, she called herself the "New Isis", a title that distinguished her from Queen Cleopatra III, who also claimed to be a living embodiment of the goddess Isis.
When Ptolemy XII died in 51 BC, the throne moved to his young son, Ptolemy XIII, and his daughter Cleopatra VII.
It is known that Cleopatra, 18 years old, was about eight years older than her brother, and became the dominant ruler. Evidence indicates that the first decree in which Ptolemy's name precedes Cleopatra was in October 50 B.C.
Cleopatra realized that she needed the support of the Romans, or more specifically Caesar's support, if she was to regain the throne.
Cleopatra was the daughter of Ptolemy XII. She succeeded him as queen in 51 BC, sharing the throne with her brother Ptolemy XIII. She has been described as beautiful and charming. In contrast to what is highlighted by the pictures that have arrived to us. As for the men who fell in love with her, she captivated them with their cute, funny personality, and cleverness.
She was always in conflict with her brother, who ended up being expelled from Egypt. The country was at that time a kingdom under Roman protection, and the main source of wheat for the Roman people. Caesar came to Egypt after the defeat of Bombay in Farsalus in 48 BC, and found the civil war still in place. And Cleopatra was trying to return to Egypt, so she suddenly appeared before Caesar wrapped in a rug - as they claim - so that she could beg him to help her in achieving her goal of returning to power. His family, either with her charms, or with the clear logic that she will be a better ruler than her brother. Caesar helped her to overcome Ptolemy who drowned at the end of the battle
Cleopatra ruled a few years. In the year 40 BC. M. Her kingdom was part of the share of the imperial who afflicted Marcus Antonius when it divided the Roman world with both Octavian and Lepidus after the slaughter of Julius Caesar. Marcus Antonius loved Cleopatra, and his affair cost him losing his favor in Rome.
Antonius' order to commit suicide ended after the defeat inflicted on him by Octavius at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. When Cleopatra heard the news, she committed suicide, too.
Her biography
Cleopatra VII (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ) (January 69 BC - 30 BC) Queen of Egypt, famous in history and drama for her relationship with Julius Caesar and then Marcus Antonius and the mother of Ptolemy XV (Caesaron).
She became queen upon the death of her father Ptolemy XII, in the year 51 BC and ruled consecutively with her two brothers, Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV (.., 67) and her son Ptolemy XV Caesarion after the victory of the armies of the Roman Octavian (later Emperor Augustus new) on their combined forces Cleopatra committed suicide, and so did Antony, and Egypt fell under the control of the Romans.
What history confirms to us about Cleopatra as one of the great queens of Egypt, whatever the disputes about her relationship with the policies of the Roman Empire, for she was, for example, the only one among the Ptolemaic dynasty that took it upon herself to learn the Egyptian language at the time, and she imitated the goddess Isis and claimed that she embodies her life on earth, She even called herself the "new Isis", which reflects the extent of her political intelligence and her seriousness in successfully ruling Egypt.
Cleopatra was a gifted queen, she spoke several languages, led armies at the age of twenty-one, and was educated in the beacon of knowledge of her time, Alexandria. She worked to restore the glories of her ruling family, and was able to extend stability and peace in the country during her reign, and to fight corruption, as she was witnessed to open grain stores for her people during the period of famines and raise taxes on them. At that time, Egypt was a prosperous country, under the rule of a queen whose people did not see a defect in its race, so it occupied it only with good management of the country.
Her life and wisdom
Born in 69 BC, Cleopatra was described as being actively influenced by Roman politics in a critical period, and she was described as coming to represent, as no other woman from antiquity, the first model of romantic seductive woman.
She is the daughter of King Ptolemy XII "Olites", and Cleopatra was destined to become the last queen of the Ptolemaic dynasty that ruled Egypt after Alexander the Great's death in 323 BC and annexed it to Rome in 30 BC.
The dynasty was founded by Alexander Ptolemy, who became King Ptolemy I of Egypt. Cleopatra was a Ptolemaic dynasty. For political reasons, she called herself the "New Isis", a title that distinguished her from Queen Cleopatra III, who also claimed to be a living embodiment of the goddess Isis.
When Ptolemy XII died in 51 BC, the throne moved to his young son, Ptolemy XIII, and his daughter Cleopatra VII.
It is known that Cleopatra, 18 years old, was about eight years older than her brother, and became the dominant ruler. Evidence indicates that the first decree in which Ptolemy's name precedes Cleopatra was in October 50 B.C.
Cleopatra realized that she needed the support of the Romans, or more specifically Caesar's support, if she was to regain the throne.
Cleopatra and Julius Caesar
Queen Cleopatra and her son Caesaron carved at Dandara Temple
Historians say that both Cleopatra and Caesar sought to use the other, so Caesar sought money to pay off the debts he incurred from Cleopatra's father Aolitis, in order to retain the throne. Whereas, Cleopatra was determined to retain her throne, and if it were possible to restore the glories of the early Ptolemies and recover as much of their power as possible, which included Syria, Palestine and Cyprus. The bonds of their relationship were strengthened and, after his departure, he gave birth to a child called Ptolemy Caesar or Ptolemy XV (and the Alexandrians called him the miniaturized Kaisarion).
Configure an army and confront her brother
King Ptolemy XIII fell under the influence of his advisors, who worked to remove Cleopatra and expel her from Alexandria in order to take power, so she sought refuge in eastern Egypt and was able to recruit an army of Bedouins to restore its position. Upon her arrival to the Pelosium (present-day Port Said) where her brother's army was confronting her, the ship of the Roman Commander Pompeius (Pompeius) arrived after his defeat at the Battle of Varsalos (48 BC), so the king's guardianship only managed to kill him, and presented his head to The victorious leader Julius Caesar who arrived in Alexandria on October 2, 48 BC. Cleopatra succeeded in penetrating the ranks of her opponents after her brother Ptolemy XIII tried to get closer to Caesar, where he found an opportunity to declare his full loyalty, and worked as much of his energy to flatter him and draw close to him, and by doing so, he hoped that he would gain the support of the Romans to single out the offer of Egypt. However, Ptolemy found that he had miscalculated. Caesar summoned Ptolemy and Cleopatra to Alexandria, and declared his support for the monarchy. During that time, the people of Alexandria had another queen in their minds. In November 48 BC, with Caesar and Cleopatra imprisoned in the royal palace, the Alexandrian people declared the younger royal sister, Arsinoe IV, Queen of Egypt.
Cleopatra and Julius Caesar spent a long winter locked up in the Palace of Alexandria. Roman reinforcements came only by March 47 BC, in which Julius and Cleopatra had become political and loving allies. Upon the liberation of Caesar, Ptolemy XIII escaped and drowned in the Nile, while Arsinoe IV, the queen who ruled and lived for a short period of time, was captured and taken to Rome. Cleopatra, who became a widow, was returned to her throne with full Roman support, and married her brother Ptolemy XIV, who was 11 years old at the time. The bride got pregnant. In June 47 BC, Cleopatra gave birth to a son whom she named Ptolemy Caesar (who was known as Caesarion) after his father. As for Caesar, who was originally married to a Roman wife, he was unable to officially recognize his Egyptian son. But before his death he sought to pass legislation in Rome that gave him the right to marry a second woman and give legal legitimacy to a child born in foreign lands.
The relationship between Caesar and Cleopatra was far from a foolhardy passion. The two parties were veteran politicians, and neither of them was in any way considered naive. Their physical unity strengthened their political alliance, and it had a perfect political connotation. Egypt would have remained independent, except that it fell under the protection of Rome. Rome would have benefited from Egypt's generosity by being the most fertile land in the world. Their common interests - ambition and the common child of course - linked each other; The parties saw the benefits of keeping Egypt independent of Caesarion in order to inherit it. Confident in his loyalty to her son, if not his loyalty to him, Caesar continued the march of encouraging Cleopatra as the true ruler of Egypt, even when he left himself.
In 46 BC, Caesar won the victory in Rome, a victory that left the deposed Queen Arsene bound in chains before the Roman people. Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIV followed Caesar to Rome, and they stayed there for about a year at Caesar's private expense. They were present to witness Caesar giving Cleopatra a golden statue in the Temple of Venus Gentrix. They only returned to Egypt when Caesar was killed on March 15th, 44 BC. Ptolemy XIV died upon his return to Egypt - and it is not certain whether his death was the result of accident or planning. With no other male heir to the throne, Caesarion, who was 3 years old, became Ptolemy the Fifteenth, and Cleopatra was the only ruler of affairs.
Queen Cleopatra and her son Caesaron carved at Dandara Temple
Historians say that both Cleopatra and Caesar sought to use the other, so Caesar sought money to pay off the debts he incurred from Cleopatra's father Aolitis, in order to retain the throne. Whereas, Cleopatra was determined to retain her throne, and if it were possible to restore the glories of the early Ptolemies and recover as much of their power as possible, which included Syria, Palestine and Cyprus. The bonds of their relationship were strengthened and, after his departure, he gave birth to a child called Ptolemy Caesar or Ptolemy XV (and the Alexandrians called him the miniaturized Kaisarion).
Configure an army and confront her brother
King Ptolemy XIII fell under the influence of his advisors, who worked to remove Cleopatra and expel her from Alexandria in order to take power, so she sought refuge in eastern Egypt and was able to recruit an army of Bedouins to restore its position. Upon her arrival to the Pelosium (present-day Port Said) where her brother's army was confronting her, the ship of the Roman Commander Pompeius (Pompeius) arrived after his defeat at the Battle of Varsalos (48 BC), so the king's guardianship only managed to kill him, and presented his head to The victorious leader Julius Caesar who arrived in Alexandria on October 2, 48 BC. Cleopatra succeeded in penetrating the ranks of her opponents after her brother Ptolemy XIII tried to get closer to Caesar, where he found an opportunity to declare his full loyalty, and worked as much of his energy to flatter him and draw close to him, and by doing so, he hoped that he would gain the support of the Romans to single out the offer of Egypt. However, Ptolemy found that he had miscalculated. Caesar summoned Ptolemy and Cleopatra to Alexandria, and declared his support for the monarchy. During that time, the people of Alexandria had another queen in their minds. In November 48 BC, with Caesar and Cleopatra imprisoned in the royal palace, the Alexandrian people declared the younger royal sister, Arsinoe IV, Queen of Egypt.
Cleopatra and Julius Caesar spent a long winter locked up in the Palace of Alexandria. Roman reinforcements came only by March 47 BC, in which Julius and Cleopatra had become political and loving allies. Upon the liberation of Caesar, Ptolemy XIII escaped and drowned in the Nile, while Arsinoe IV, the queen who ruled and lived for a short period of time, was captured and taken to Rome. Cleopatra, who became a widow, was returned to her throne with full Roman support, and married her brother Ptolemy XIV, who was 11 years old at the time. The bride got pregnant. In June 47 BC, Cleopatra gave birth to a son whom she named Ptolemy Caesar (who was known as Caesarion) after his father. As for Caesar, who was originally married to a Roman wife, he was unable to officially recognize his Egyptian son. But before his death he sought to pass legislation in Rome that gave him the right to marry a second woman and give legal legitimacy to a child born in foreign lands.
The relationship between Caesar and Cleopatra was far from a foolhardy passion. The two parties were veteran politicians, and neither of them was in any way considered naive. Their physical unity strengthened their political alliance, and it had a perfect political connotation. Egypt would have remained independent, except that it fell under the protection of Rome. Rome would have benefited from Egypt's generosity by being the most fertile land in the world. Their common interests - ambition and the common child of course - linked each other; The parties saw the benefits of keeping Egypt independent of Caesarion in order to inherit it. Confident in his loyalty to her son, if not his loyalty to him, Caesar continued the march of encouraging Cleopatra as the true ruler of Egypt, even when he left himself.
In 46 BC, Caesar won the victory in Rome, a victory that left the deposed Queen Arsene bound in chains before the Roman people. Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIV followed Caesar to Rome, and they stayed there for about a year at Caesar's private expense. They were present to witness Caesar giving Cleopatra a golden statue in the Temple of Venus Gentrix. They only returned to Egypt when Caesar was killed on March 15th, 44 BC. Ptolemy XIV died upon his return to Egypt - and it is not certain whether his death was the result of accident or planning. With no other male heir to the throne, Caesarion, who was 3 years old, became Ptolemy the Fifteenth, and Cleopatra was the only ruler of affairs.
Cleopatra and Julius Caesar
Queen Cleopatra and her son Caesaron carved at Dandara Temple
Historians say that both Cleopatra and Caesar sought to use the other, so Caesar sought money to pay off the debts he incurred from Cleopatra's father Aolitis, in order to retain the throne. Whereas, Cleopatra was determined to retain her throne, and if it were possible to restore the glories of the early Ptolemies and recover as much of their power as possible, which included Syria, Palestine and Cyprus. The bonds of their relationship were strengthened and, after his departure, he gave birth to a child called Ptolemy Caesar or Ptolemy XV (and the Alexandrians called him the miniaturized Kaisarion).
Configure an army and confront her brother
King Ptolemy XIII fell under the influence of his advisors, who worked to remove Cleopatra and expel her from Alexandria in order to take power, so she sought refuge in eastern Egypt and was able to recruit an army of Bedouins to restore its position. Upon her arrival to the Pelosium (present-day Port Said) where her brother's army was confronting her, the ship of the Roman Commander Pompeius (Pompeius) arrived after his defeat at the Battle of Varsalos (48 BC), so the king's guardianship only managed to kill him, and presented his head to The victorious leader Julius Caesar who arrived in Alexandria on October 2, 48 BC. Cleopatra succeeded in penetrating the ranks of her opponents after her brother Ptolemy XIII tried to get closer to Caesar, where he found an opportunity to declare his full loyalty, and worked as much of his energy to flatter him and draw close to him, and by doing so, he hoped that he would gain the support of the Romans to single out the offer of Egypt. However, Ptolemy found that he had miscalculated. Caesar summoned Ptolemy and Cleopatra to Alexandria, and declared his support for the monarchy. During that time, the people of Alexandria had another queen in their minds. In November 48 BC, with Caesar and Cleopatra imprisoned in the royal palace, the Alexandrian people declared the younger royal sister, Arsinoe IV, Queen of Egypt.
Cleopatra and Julius Caesar spent a long winter locked up in the Palace of Alexandria. Roman reinforcements came only by March 47 BC, in which Julius and Cleopatra had become political and loving allies. Upon the liberation of Caesar, Ptolemy XIII escaped and drowned in the Nile, while Arsinoe IV, the queen who ruled and lived for a short period of time, was captured and taken to Rome. Cleopatra, who became a widow, was returned to her throne with full Roman support, and married her brother Ptolemy XIV, who was 11 years old at the time. The bride got pregnant. In June 47 BC, Cleopatra gave birth to a son whom she named Ptolemy Caesar (who was known as Caesarion) after his father. As for Caesar, who was originally married to a Roman wife, he was unable to officially recognize his Egyptian son. But before his death he sought to pass legislation in Rome that gave him the right to marry a second woman and give legal legitimacy to a child born in foreign lands.
The relationship between Caesar and Cleopatra was far from a foolhardy passion. The two parties were veteran politicians, and neither of them was in any way considered naive. Their physical unity strengthened their political alliance, and it had a perfect political connotation. Egypt would have remained independent, except that it fell under the protection of Rome. Rome would have benefited from Egypt's generosity by being the most fertile land in the world. Their common interests - ambition and the common child of course - linked each other; The parties saw the benefits of keeping Egypt independent of Caesarion in order to inherit it. Confident in his loyalty to her son, if not his loyalty to him, Caesar continued the march of encouraging Cleopatra as the true ruler of Egypt, even when he left himself.
In 46 BC, Caesar won the victory in Rome, a victory that left the deposed Queen Arsene bound in chains before the Roman people. Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIV followed Caesar to Rome, and they stayed there for about a year at Caesar's private expense. They were present to witness Caesar giving Cleopatra a golden statue in the Temple of Venus Gentrix. They only returned to Egypt when Caesar was killed on March 15th, 44 BC. Ptolemy XIV died upon his return to Egypt - and it is not certain whether his death was the result of accident or planning. With no other male heir to the throne, Caesarion, who was 3 years old, became Ptolemy the Fifteenth, and Cleopatra was the only ruler of affairs.
Queen Cleopatra and her son Caesaron carved at Dandara Temple
Historians say that both Cleopatra and Caesar sought to use the other, so Caesar sought money to pay off the debts he incurred from Cleopatra's father Aolitis, in order to retain the throne. Whereas, Cleopatra was determined to retain her throne, and if it were possible to restore the glories of the early Ptolemies and recover as much of their power as possible, which included Syria, Palestine and Cyprus. The bonds of their relationship were strengthened and, after his departure, he gave birth to a child called Ptolemy Caesar or Ptolemy XV (and the Alexandrians called him the miniaturized Kaisarion).
Configure an army and confront her brother
King Ptolemy XIII fell under the influence of his advisors, who worked to remove Cleopatra and expel her from Alexandria in order to take power, so she sought refuge in eastern Egypt and was able to recruit an army of Bedouins to restore its position. Upon her arrival to the Pelosium (present-day Port Said) where her brother's army was confronting her, the ship of the Roman Commander Pompeius (Pompeius) arrived after his defeat at the Battle of Varsalos (48 BC), so the king's guardianship only managed to kill him, and presented his head to The victorious leader Julius Caesar who arrived in Alexandria on October 2, 48 BC. Cleopatra succeeded in penetrating the ranks of her opponents after her brother Ptolemy XIII tried to get closer to Caesar, where he found an opportunity to declare his full loyalty, and worked as much of his energy to flatter him and draw close to him, and by doing so, he hoped that he would gain the support of the Romans to single out the offer of Egypt. However, Ptolemy found that he had miscalculated. Caesar summoned Ptolemy and Cleopatra to Alexandria, and declared his support for the monarchy. During that time, the people of Alexandria had another queen in their minds. In November 48 BC, with Caesar and Cleopatra imprisoned in the royal palace, the Alexandrian people declared the younger royal sister, Arsinoe IV, Queen of Egypt.
Cleopatra and Julius Caesar spent a long winter locked up in the Palace of Alexandria. Roman reinforcements came only by March 47 BC, in which Julius and Cleopatra had become political and loving allies. Upon the liberation of Caesar, Ptolemy XIII escaped and drowned in the Nile, while Arsinoe IV, the queen who ruled and lived for a short period of time, was captured and taken to Rome. Cleopatra, who became a widow, was returned to her throne with full Roman support, and married her brother Ptolemy XIV, who was 11 years old at the time. The bride got pregnant. In June 47 BC, Cleopatra gave birth to a son whom she named Ptolemy Caesar (who was known as Caesarion) after his father. As for Caesar, who was originally married to a Roman wife, he was unable to officially recognize his Egyptian son. But before his death he sought to pass legislation in Rome that gave him the right to marry a second woman and give legal legitimacy to a child born in foreign lands.
The relationship between Caesar and Cleopatra was far from a foolhardy passion. The two parties were veteran politicians, and neither of them was in any way considered naive. Their physical unity strengthened their political alliance, and it had a perfect political connotation. Egypt would have remained independent, except that it fell under the protection of Rome. Rome would have benefited from Egypt's generosity by being the most fertile land in the world. Their common interests - ambition and the common child of course - linked each other; The parties saw the benefits of keeping Egypt independent of Caesarion in order to inherit it. Confident in his loyalty to her son, if not his loyalty to him, Caesar continued the march of encouraging Cleopatra as the true ruler of Egypt, even when he left himself.
In 46 BC, Caesar won the victory in Rome, a victory that left the deposed Queen Arsene bound in chains before the Roman people. Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIV followed Caesar to Rome, and they stayed there for about a year at Caesar's private expense. They were present to witness Caesar giving Cleopatra a golden statue in the Temple of Venus Gentrix. They only returned to Egypt when Caesar was killed on March 15th, 44 BC. Ptolemy XIV died upon his return to Egypt - and it is not certain whether his death was the result of accident or planning. With no other male heir to the throne, Caesarion, who was 3 years old, became Ptolemy the Fifteenth, and Cleopatra was the only ruler of affairs.
Julius Caesar was killed
With Caesar's death, the trio of Mark Anthony, Octavian, and Marcus Lepidus went out to capture the assassins, Brutus and Cassius. Rome intended for general revenge, and Egypt was called upon to provide assistance. This was very important for Cleopatra. The ruler of Cyprus broke away and took over the killers, and decided to return her sister Arsino, who gained her freedom again and lives in Ephesus, to rule Egypt. During her life, Arsino would have become a constant threat to Cleopatra, and it was not a big surprise that she was assassinated by her sister's order in 40 BC.
Cleopatra made a wise decision in alliance with the trio. It raised a fleet to sail towards Octavian and Mark Anthony, but its ships were destroyed by the hurricane. While she waited to equip the Second Fleet, news came that the assassins had been defeated. Two men came to rule, where the western empire ruled Octavian (the legal heir of Caesar), and Caesar ruled the eastern empire. Cleopatra, which was very vulnerable in Egypt, needed someone to protect it. For the first time, her instinct betrayed her and made the wrong decision: she decided to ally with Mark Anthony.
Cleopatra and Marcus Antonius
After Caesar's assassination in Rome, the kingdom was divided between his greatest leaders, Actavius and Anthony, so Actavius decided to annex Egypt to the Roman Empire, but he had many consequences, among the most severe of which was Marcus Antony, "Marc Anthony", who wanted to rule the Roman Empire alone, and then Cleopatra thought that She becomes the wife of Marcus Antonius, who may one day rule the Roman Empire. Mark Antony came to Egypt and Cleopatra came to him secretly for fear of the Egyptians' revolts against her, and she was hiding him in a carpet and came out of her in front of Anthony as a bride of the sea and she is in her most beautiful pictures and Antony fell in love with her.
Mark Anthony was married to Octavia, sister of Octavius (August), and Ali prevented the Romans from marrying a non-Roman, and here appeared the problem of his association with Cleopatra and became an ally of her instead of including Egypt for the Roman Empire. This was a reason for the enmity between Augustus and Antonius because Octavia was the sister of Augustus, the Roman Empire was divided into East and West, and the East, including Egypt, belonged to Antony, and it was natural for Cleopatra to become under the authority of the new master Antonius, so she fought him with the weapon of love and beauty, and she did not wait until He comes to her in Alexandria, but sailed aboard a luxurious golden pharaoh ship from the Egyptian beaches, and Antony had sent in her request in 41 BC when he arrived in the city of Tarsus in Cilicia, in order to hold her accountable for her hesitating stance and failure to support the supporters of Julius Caesar.
Cleopatra admired Antoninus not only for his form as he was handsome (say historians) but also for his intelligence because all expectations at this time were confirming Antoninus' victory.
Temptation - or letting itself be tempted - a Roman leader has worked in the past. Cleopatra is still young, and she had no reason to assume her methods would not work again. I decided to bring back history. Anthony, who was less intelligent and experienced than Caesar, was seduced by her magic. In 40 BC, Cleopatra gave birth to a twin, Cleopatra Selene and Alexander Helios. By the time of their birth, Anthony had returned to Rome, where he was going to marry Octavia, sister of his ally and archenemy Octavian.
Rome could only be ruled by one ruler. The relationship between Octavian and Anthony, and thus between Octavia and her new husband, quickly deteriorated. In 37 BC, Anthony left Rome for Antioch, Syria, where he was sent to Cleopatra. Together, they developed a grand plan for an Eastern alliance that would restore Egypt some of its former glory. Thanks to Anthony, Egypt recovered some of its lost eastern lands.
Unfortunately, Anthony's Parthian campaign - the first step toward strengthening the Eastern Alliance - was a devastating disaster. Instead of acquiring new lands, Anthony was forced, through his estranged wife, to beg Octavian for more troops. Anthony was given 2,000 soldiers, an ironic number, and their number was also reduced, and relations between them collapsed. Anthony's subsequent victory in Armenia restored some of his face. There were intense celebrations in Alexandria, where Anthony sat on the throne and bragged about his sons from Cleopatra, as kings of the lands of Rome and occupied Egypt. Nothing could offend Octavian and Octavia any more.
In 32 BC, Octavia was divorced. Anthony and Cleopatra became an official couple. But while the fans enjoyed an extended tour of the eastern Mediterranean, Octavian was preparing for war.
The naval battle of Actium took place in western Greece in 31 BC and decided the fate of the war. The Battle of Actium was a victory for Octavian. Anthony was forced to flee while Cleopatra returned to Alexandria and began gathering troops. When Anthony joined her after several weeks, the two were effectively trapped. Antoninus lost many of his ships in his attempt to break the blockade that was struck around him, and events accelerated and Cleopatra did everything in his power to avoid the disaster after the news of the defeat arrived in Egypt. Cleopatra's offer to abdicate her children was ignored. While Antony was preparing for his final battle, in a desperate attempt to confront the forces of Octavianus, the new Caesar of Rome, who had reached the outskirts of Alexandria in the summer of 30 BC, Cleopatra was fortified in a mausoleum that was also used as its storage. When Anthony received the news of Cleopatra's suicide, he threw himself on his sword. However, the news of Cleopatra's death was incorrect. Anthony, who was dying at the time, was taken to Alexandria and pulled up to the wall of the mausoleum, so that he could die in Cleopatra's arms.
With Caesar's death, the trio of Mark Anthony, Octavian, and Marcus Lepidus went out to capture the assassins, Brutus and Cassius. Rome intended for general revenge, and Egypt was called upon to provide assistance. This was very important for Cleopatra. The ruler of Cyprus broke away and took over the killers, and decided to return her sister Arsino, who gained her freedom again and lives in Ephesus, to rule Egypt. During her life, Arsino would have become a constant threat to Cleopatra, and it was not a big surprise that she was assassinated by her sister's order in 40 BC.
Cleopatra made a wise decision in alliance with the trio. It raised a fleet to sail towards Octavian and Mark Anthony, but its ships were destroyed by the hurricane. While she waited to equip the Second Fleet, news came that the assassins had been defeated. Two men came to rule, where the western empire ruled Octavian (the legal heir of Caesar), and Caesar ruled the eastern empire. Cleopatra, which was very vulnerable in Egypt, needed someone to protect it. For the first time, her instinct betrayed her and made the wrong decision: she decided to ally with Mark Anthony.
Cleopatra and Marcus Antonius
After Caesar's assassination in Rome, the kingdom was divided between his greatest leaders, Actavius and Anthony, so Actavius decided to annex Egypt to the Roman Empire, but he had many consequences, among the most severe of which was Marcus Antony, "Marc Anthony", who wanted to rule the Roman Empire alone, and then Cleopatra thought that She becomes the wife of Marcus Antonius, who may one day rule the Roman Empire. Mark Antony came to Egypt and Cleopatra came to him secretly for fear of the Egyptians' revolts against her, and she was hiding him in a carpet and came out of her in front of Anthony as a bride of the sea and she is in her most beautiful pictures and Antony fell in love with her.
Mark Anthony was married to Octavia, sister of Octavius (August), and Ali prevented the Romans from marrying a non-Roman, and here appeared the problem of his association with Cleopatra and became an ally of her instead of including Egypt for the Roman Empire. This was a reason for the enmity between Augustus and Antonius because Octavia was the sister of Augustus, the Roman Empire was divided into East and West, and the East, including Egypt, belonged to Antony, and it was natural for Cleopatra to become under the authority of the new master Antonius, so she fought him with the weapon of love and beauty, and she did not wait until He comes to her in Alexandria, but sailed aboard a luxurious golden pharaoh ship from the Egyptian beaches, and Antony had sent in her request in 41 BC when he arrived in the city of Tarsus in Cilicia, in order to hold her accountable for her hesitating stance and failure to support the supporters of Julius Caesar.
Cleopatra admired Antoninus not only for his form as he was handsome (say historians) but also for his intelligence because all expectations at this time were confirming Antoninus' victory.
Temptation - or letting itself be tempted - a Roman leader has worked in the past. Cleopatra is still young, and she had no reason to assume her methods would not work again. I decided to bring back history. Anthony, who was less intelligent and experienced than Caesar, was seduced by her magic. In 40 BC, Cleopatra gave birth to a twin, Cleopatra Selene and Alexander Helios. By the time of their birth, Anthony had returned to Rome, where he was going to marry Octavia, sister of his ally and archenemy Octavian.
Rome could only be ruled by one ruler. The relationship between Octavian and Anthony, and thus between Octavia and her new husband, quickly deteriorated. In 37 BC, Anthony left Rome for Antioch, Syria, where he was sent to Cleopatra. Together, they developed a grand plan for an Eastern alliance that would restore Egypt some of its former glory. Thanks to Anthony, Egypt recovered some of its lost eastern lands.
Unfortunately, Anthony's Parthian campaign - the first step toward strengthening the Eastern Alliance - was a devastating disaster. Instead of acquiring new lands, Anthony was forced, through his estranged wife, to beg Octavian for more troops. Anthony was given 2,000 soldiers, an ironic number, and their number was also reduced, and relations between them collapsed. Anthony's subsequent victory in Armenia restored some of his face. There were intense celebrations in Alexandria, where Anthony sat on the throne and bragged about his sons from Cleopatra, as kings of the lands of Rome and occupied Egypt. Nothing could offend Octavian and Octavia any more.
In 32 BC, Octavia was divorced. Anthony and Cleopatra became an official couple. But while the fans enjoyed an extended tour of the eastern Mediterranean, Octavian was preparing for war.
The naval battle of Actium took place in western Greece in 31 BC and decided the fate of the war. The Battle of Actium was a victory for Octavian. Anthony was forced to flee while Cleopatra returned to Alexandria and began gathering troops. When Anthony joined her after several weeks, the two were effectively trapped. Antoninus lost many of his ships in his attempt to break the blockade that was struck around him, and events accelerated and Cleopatra did everything in his power to avoid the disaster after the news of the defeat arrived in Egypt. Cleopatra's offer to abdicate her children was ignored. While Antony was preparing for his final battle, in a desperate attempt to confront the forces of Octavianus, the new Caesar of Rome, who had reached the outskirts of Alexandria in the summer of 30 BC, Cleopatra was fortified in a mausoleum that was also used as its storage. When Anthony received the news of Cleopatra's suicide, he threw himself on his sword. However, the news of Cleopatra's death was incorrect. Anthony, who was dying at the time, was taken to Alexandria and pulled up to the wall of the mausoleum, so that he could die in Cleopatra's arms.
Suicide rather than captivity
One day in mid-August, 30 BC. M, one of Queen Cleopatra's servants provided the cobra snake ((likely an Egyptian cobra)) as a means of her suicide after hearing of the defeat of her husband, the Roman commander Mark Antony in the war, the poisonous cobra snake had remained a motto of the monarchy in the Ptolemaic era above the heads of the kings. We may believe the words of the Roman poets Virgil, Horace and Propertius Propertius. Some historians have stated that the left royal shoulder was the one who received the first fatal sting and others said he had Cleopatra's left breast naked. Cleopatra committed suicide in this state of despair by placing his poisonous neighborhood on her chest, and the new conqueror Octavius Caesar hoped that the Queen who ruled Egypt would march in his victory parade in Rome, but he quickly saw her body and went to organize the government, so he announced his annexation of Egypt to the authority of the Roman people, and his announcement came in a short sentence It contains no more than five words. After the death of Cleopatra, the Romans killed her son Caesarion, fearing that he would claim the Roman Empire as heir to Julius Caesar and his heir. Cleopatra VII, depicted on a coin displayed in the Alexandria Museum, tells the story of Cleopatra, which inspired poets and story writers. It was a material for the play (Antonio and Cleopatra) by William Shakespeare and the 1977 play (Everything for Love) by John Dryden and the play (Caesar and Cleopatra) by George Bernard Shaw and a poetic glossary in the suicide of Cleopatra by the poet Ahmed Shawky. The seventh Cleopatra was the last ruler of the Ptolemies in Egypt, and it surpassed its predecessors in intelligence, prudence, and ambition. Cleopatra ascended the throne and ruled Egypt for twenty years (from 51 to 30 BC). The image of Cleopatra appeared in ancient Egyptian currency as a gorgeous, vivid woman with a delicate mouth and clear eyes. Cleopatra is one of the most prominent in history, Kefertiti, Smeremes, and Sheherzad.
The Greek historian Cassius Dio records her death, saying:
No one knew for sure how she died. They only found small holes in her arm. Some have assumed that she brought a venomous little snake on her own ...
Denied the story of suicide with a snake bite
Professor Christoph Schaefer ((Professor of History at the University of Trier in West Germany)) denied the fact that Cleopatra died from a cobra snake bite and suggested that she died due to drinking a combination or cocktails of drugs and based what went on to the fact that the snake bite would have exposed Cleopatra to severe, excruciating and long pain before death in addition to the physical disfigurement that was He would have followed her, a beautiful woman who was so proud of her beauty
Not yet discovered her burial site
It is believed that the suicide of Cleopatra came shortly after the suicide of Marcus Antonius, and the ancient historian "Plutarch" wrote that they were buried in a wonderful royal style in a grave near Alexandria, and some believe that the shrine became deep in the sea after the fourth earthquake in the eighth century where the terrain of Alexandria changed, in While others claim that the couple was buried near Taposiris Magna, an ancient temple containing dozens of graves and mummies.
Cleopatra's children
Cleopatra's four children lived after their mother. In theory, her eldest son, Caesarion, became the sole king of Egypt. However, Caesar's son posed an immediate danger to the Romanians. He was arrested while fleeing Egypt and executed by Octavian. The rest of the children were taken to Rome, where they were first shown in a disgraceful public parade, and then given to Octavia, Mark Anthony's fourth wife, to raise them. In 20 BC, Cleopatra Celine married the Prince of Numidian Juba II; She bore him a son, of course, Ptolemy, before she died naturally in relative obscurity. Her siblings, Alexander and Ptolemy Philadelphus (born 36 AD), were sent to live away from harm's way with their married sister. In Mauritania, they have achieved what no one in their family has been able to do: Life is completely out of the political limelight. The little prince, Ptolemy, was not very lucky. After inheriting his father's throne, he was executed by the Roman Emperor Caligula in AD 40.
What did Cleopatra look like?
Rumors of Cleopatra say she wrote a book about her secrets of beauty to pass on to other women, but what did her look really look like? Classical authors are divided on that. Plutarch evaluates it as slightly more than a good average. As for Cassius Dio, on the contrary, he evaluates her as the most beautiful women in the world, for looking and listening to her was a glow and sparkle ...
Many early art historians have had a tendency to distinguish any woman carrying a snake as representing Cleopatra VII. And if we ignore those dubious distinctions, we will find surprise, that we only have a few pictures of the last queen. Her paintings that lived may be divided into two parts. The Egyptian-style images, preserved in statues and walls of the Temple of Dandara, are traditionally painted like any mysterious queen of Egypt: tall, slender, wearing a wig, and she wears the best types of linen and feathers, a sun disk, cow horns and a snake head that adorn any traditional Pharaonic queen. Such pictures reveal little about the real Cleopatra, other than her wish to become the mother-goddess Isis.
The style of non-Egyptian portrayal of Cleopatra is completely different, and although we will not fall into the trap of assuming that all representations were real and identical to reality, they appear more realistic to the contemporary eye. Here, Cleopatra appears in the dress and hairstyle - the diadem and braiding in the form of a bun - classic and gracious. The coinage shows a woman with an unexciting nose and chin. The marble statues, intact from Rome, show the same features with slight relief, although the Queen again is by no means strikingly beautiful. They appear to be determined rather than seducing. Perhaps then, Cleopatra was relying on the magic of her voice. The historian Plutarch, who was less than impressed by the
queen's appearance, says he was amazed by her linguistic
abilities:
One day in mid-August, 30 BC. M, one of Queen Cleopatra's servants provided the cobra snake ((likely an Egyptian cobra)) as a means of her suicide after hearing of the defeat of her husband, the Roman commander Mark Antony in the war, the poisonous cobra snake had remained a motto of the monarchy in the Ptolemaic era above the heads of the kings. We may believe the words of the Roman poets Virgil, Horace and Propertius Propertius. Some historians have stated that the left royal shoulder was the one who received the first fatal sting and others said he had Cleopatra's left breast naked. Cleopatra committed suicide in this state of despair by placing his poisonous neighborhood on her chest, and the new conqueror Octavius Caesar hoped that the Queen who ruled Egypt would march in his victory parade in Rome, but he quickly saw her body and went to organize the government, so he announced his annexation of Egypt to the authority of the Roman people, and his announcement came in a short sentence It contains no more than five words. After the death of Cleopatra, the Romans killed her son Caesarion, fearing that he would claim the Roman Empire as heir to Julius Caesar and his heir. Cleopatra VII, depicted on a coin displayed in the Alexandria Museum, tells the story of Cleopatra, which inspired poets and story writers. It was a material for the play (Antonio and Cleopatra) by William Shakespeare and the 1977 play (Everything for Love) by John Dryden and the play (Caesar and Cleopatra) by George Bernard Shaw and a poetic glossary in the suicide of Cleopatra by the poet Ahmed Shawky. The seventh Cleopatra was the last ruler of the Ptolemies in Egypt, and it surpassed its predecessors in intelligence, prudence, and ambition. Cleopatra ascended the throne and ruled Egypt for twenty years (from 51 to 30 BC). The image of Cleopatra appeared in ancient Egyptian currency as a gorgeous, vivid woman with a delicate mouth and clear eyes. Cleopatra is one of the most prominent in history, Kefertiti, Smeremes, and Sheherzad.
The Greek historian Cassius Dio records her death, saying:
No one knew for sure how she died. They only found small holes in her arm. Some have assumed that she brought a venomous little snake on her own ...
Denied the story of suicide with a snake bite
Professor Christoph Schaefer ((Professor of History at the University of Trier in West Germany)) denied the fact that Cleopatra died from a cobra snake bite and suggested that she died due to drinking a combination or cocktails of drugs and based what went on to the fact that the snake bite would have exposed Cleopatra to severe, excruciating and long pain before death in addition to the physical disfigurement that was He would have followed her, a beautiful woman who was so proud of her beauty
Not yet discovered her burial site
It is believed that the suicide of Cleopatra came shortly after the suicide of Marcus Antonius, and the ancient historian "Plutarch" wrote that they were buried in a wonderful royal style in a grave near Alexandria, and some believe that the shrine became deep in the sea after the fourth earthquake in the eighth century where the terrain of Alexandria changed, in While others claim that the couple was buried near Taposiris Magna, an ancient temple containing dozens of graves and mummies.
Cleopatra's children
Cleopatra's four children lived after their mother. In theory, her eldest son, Caesarion, became the sole king of Egypt. However, Caesar's son posed an immediate danger to the Romanians. He was arrested while fleeing Egypt and executed by Octavian. The rest of the children were taken to Rome, where they were first shown in a disgraceful public parade, and then given to Octavia, Mark Anthony's fourth wife, to raise them. In 20 BC, Cleopatra Celine married the Prince of Numidian Juba II; She bore him a son, of course, Ptolemy, before she died naturally in relative obscurity. Her siblings, Alexander and Ptolemy Philadelphus (born 36 AD), were sent to live away from harm's way with their married sister. In Mauritania, they have achieved what no one in their family has been able to do: Life is completely out of the political limelight. The little prince, Ptolemy, was not very lucky. After inheriting his father's throne, he was executed by the Roman Emperor Caligula in AD 40.
What did Cleopatra look like?
Rumors of Cleopatra say she wrote a book about her secrets of beauty to pass on to other women, but what did her look really look like? Classical authors are divided on that. Plutarch evaluates it as slightly more than a good average. As for Cassius Dio, on the contrary, he evaluates her as the most beautiful women in the world, for looking and listening to her was a glow and sparkle ...
Many early art historians have had a tendency to distinguish any woman carrying a snake as representing Cleopatra VII. And if we ignore those dubious distinctions, we will find surprise, that we only have a few pictures of the last queen. Her paintings that lived may be divided into two parts. The Egyptian-style images, preserved in statues and walls of the Temple of Dandara, are traditionally painted like any mysterious queen of Egypt: tall, slender, wearing a wig, and she wears the best types of linen and feathers, a sun disk, cow horns and a snake head that adorn any traditional Pharaonic queen. Such pictures reveal little about the real Cleopatra, other than her wish to become the mother-goddess Isis.
The style of non-Egyptian portrayal of Cleopatra is completely different, and although we will not fall into the trap of assuming that all representations were real and identical to reality, they appear more realistic to the contemporary eye. Here, Cleopatra appears in the dress and hairstyle - the diadem and braiding in the form of a bun - classic and gracious. The coinage shows a woman with an unexciting nose and chin. The marble statues, intact from Rome, show the same features with slight relief, although the Queen again is by no means strikingly beautiful. They appear to be determined rather than seducing. Perhaps then, Cleopatra was relying on the magic of her voice. The historian Plutarch, who was less than impressed by the
queen's appearance, says he was amazed by her linguistic
abilities:
She was pleased to hear her voice, with which she, like any musical instrument with strings, was able to pass from one language to another, and even resorted to an interpreter a few times during her conversation with the barbarian nations ...
Cleopatra as Isis
Cleopatra wrote her legend on her own, following the example of Cleopatra the Third using the belief of the mother goddess Isis to strengthen her rule as a living goddess.
This theology was accepted in Egypt, where the ruling family was always associated with the gods, and where ordinary people were effectively excluded from the worship of the state gods. If Cleopatra wanted to announce herself as a living goddess, "the new Isis" (a title she herself chose to distinguish herself from her predecessor, Cleopatra III), he would have cared or known only a few Egyptians. In Rome, where the belief of Isis was taken very seriously, and the temples were open to all, Cleopatra's role as mediator between the goddess and her people was simply totally unacceptable. The queen found herself in a perplexing position between becoming a half, or even a complete goddess, in her country, and being merely human in Rome.
Cleopatra through the ages
Her beauty was not, as we are told, so screaming that minds stunned when he saw it. However, the charm of its existence was irresistible ...
Cleopatra VII was an intelligent woman, a competent Hellenistic ruler, and a mother who dedicated her life to her four sons. Today, much of that has been forgotten due to her frequent appearances on oilboards, on theaters and screens, and Cleopatra has become famous as the sure example of an irresistible woman, whose unrivaled beauty and seductive sense allowed her to melt the hearts of two of Rome's greatest men.
It is certain to us that my father Cleopatra was a brother and sister. Her grandfather, Ptolemy IX, was a well-known Greek man. As for her mother, she was described as his "girlfriend", but there is no further evidence of her origin or lineage, we will not know for sure what she, or her granddaughter, Cleopatra VII looked like.
Cleopatra wrote her legend on her own, following the example of Cleopatra the Third using the belief of the mother goddess Isis to strengthen her rule as a living goddess.
This theology was accepted in Egypt, where the ruling family was always associated with the gods, and where ordinary people were effectively excluded from the worship of the state gods. If Cleopatra wanted to announce herself as a living goddess, "the new Isis" (a title she herself chose to distinguish herself from her predecessor, Cleopatra III), he would have cared or known only a few Egyptians. In Rome, where the belief of Isis was taken very seriously, and the temples were open to all, Cleopatra's role as mediator between the goddess and her people was simply totally unacceptable. The queen found herself in a perplexing position between becoming a half, or even a complete goddess, in her country, and being merely human in Rome.
Cleopatra through the ages
Her beauty was not, as we are told, so screaming that minds stunned when he saw it. However, the charm of its existence was irresistible ...
Cleopatra VII was an intelligent woman, a competent Hellenistic ruler, and a mother who dedicated her life to her four sons. Today, much of that has been forgotten due to her frequent appearances on oilboards, on theaters and screens, and Cleopatra has become famous as the sure example of an irresistible woman, whose unrivaled beauty and seductive sense allowed her to melt the hearts of two of Rome's greatest men.
It is certain to us that my father Cleopatra was a brother and sister. Her grandfather, Ptolemy IX, was a well-known Greek man. As for her mother, she was described as his "girlfriend", but there is no further evidence of her origin or lineage, we will not know for sure what she, or her granddaughter, Cleopatra VII looked like.
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