?Who are the Mamluks
The Mamluks
The Mamluks are a descendant of the soldiers who ruled the Levant, Egypt, Iraq and some parts of the Arabian Peninsula (1250-1517), almost two and a half centuries. The Mamluk origins date back to Central Asia before they settled in Egypt, where they established two successive states in Cairo.
Mamluk States
The first state was the Mamluk maritime state. Among the most famous sultans of the state were Sultan Qataz, Sultan Izz al-Din Aybak, Sultan al-Zaher Baybars, Wali Mansour Qalawun, Sultan al-Nasir ibn Muhammad ibn Qalawun and Ashraf Salah al-Din Khalil, who restored Acre Strongholds of the Crusaders in Syria. The second state established by the Mamluks in Egypt is the Mamluk Tower State. The Circassian Sultan Barqouq staged a military coup, confronted Timor-Leste, and restored the Tartars occupied by Iraq and the Levant, such as Baghdad. In the ninth century AH, ie in the year 15 AD, and the most prominent sultans of the state Mamluk tower: Sultan Barqouq, Farj Ibn Barqouq, and Ashraf Saifuddin Perspei, who opened Cyprus and the city of Toman Bay and the city of Qansoh Ghuri. The Mamluks were slaves who were brought by the Ayyubids and increased their influence and took power in 1250 AD. The Ayyubids brought Mamluks from non-Muslim countries and brought them as small children and then raised them in isolated military barracks in strict accordance with strict rules to ensure their allegiance to the ruler. In the first era of the Mamluk state they repulsed the Mongol invasion in the Levant and Egypt. The confrontation was in the area of Ain Jalout, then between 1260-1277 during the reign of Sultan Baybars, the Mamluks focused on the Crusader emirates in the Levant. Year (1290) on the last strongholds of the Crusaders in the Levant, the city of Acre. The city of Cairo in Egypt became one of the famous commercial centers between the West and the East. The Mamluks flourished in the trade and economy of the Mamluk state. In 1450, the Mamluks began to lose control of their business activities and their economy deteriorated. At the expense of the Mamluk state, the Mamluks enjoyed religious legitimacy in the Muslim world during their state for two reasons: they owned the land of the two holy mosques and Hijaz. Because they hosted the Abbasid caliphs in Egypt in Cairo a year ago (12600).
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