Life Story of Saifuddin Qutz Part III
His life in the Mamluk state
After Shajar al-Dur decided to relinquish power, Ezzeddin Aibek chose Turkmen al-Salhi as her successor after her marriage to him. The Mamluk princes agreed and one of them jumped to choose AIPEC as the first Sultans of the Mamluk state, and Qutuz Sultan Aibek participated in the defeat of the Ayyubids led by King Nasser in a battle. At the Abbasid town between Salhiyya and Bilbeis, when the dispute between Izz al-Din Aibak and Fares al-Din Aqtai, Aibak decided to create a band of Mamluks later known as Mamluk comforters after the title of Izz al-Din Aibik, and appointed Mamluk Qutz comforter as deputy of the Sultanate in Egypt. At the risk of Prince Aktai Danger of his navy Mamluks, APEC feared for his life after news of his intention to assassinate him. With him a number of Mamluks, and entered the door of the castle leading to the Column Hall, and the door was closed and prevented the Mamluks maritime access, and quickly pounced on Prince Qutz and his Mamluks comforter and killed him with swords.
Then the dispute occurred between AIPEC and his wife Shajar Al Durr because of his rebellion against them and not to involve them in the rule of Egypt, and because he got rid of the naval Mamluks, and this was made worse by the intention of APIC to marry the daughter of the king of Mosul, Badr al-Din Pearl, Five of its two sons, Aibek, were killed in the bathroom, in 655 AH (1257 AH) .After the news of the death of al-Mu'izz, Shajar al-Durr tried to hide the killing, claiming that AIPEC had fallen from his horse. , And they decided to kill her.
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The Mamluk comforters, headed by Seif al-Din Qutz, were determined to reside on the throne, which became vacant by the death of AIPEC, a 15-year-old boy, Nur al-Din Ali, the son of their master, Izz al-Din Ipek. The Mamluks recognized the small sultan, and their rejection embodied in several stormy disturbances, some disputed groups invoked the kings of Bani Ayyub in the Levant. , After the determination of the Mamluks Salih within Egypt The coup against the Mamluk comforters and their leader Qutuz and tried to install the Atabek Singer Halabi Sultan of Egypt, Qutz was quick to arrest and imprison him in the prison of the castle, and things evolved with the escape of many Mamluk opponents to the Levant, Qutz chased and arrested many of them, and imprisoned in the prisons of the castle.
It was relatively stable for Qutz in Egypt and the atmosphere became the deputy of the Sultan, and became the mastermind and the actual ruler of Egypt, where the Sultan sitting on the throne is a small child, and the Sultan's boyhood on the throne was a matter intended to buy time so that one of the senior Mamluk to resolve the issue to his party. Qutz would like to rush things to resolve his authority and confront the rivals after the death of Izz al-Din Aibek.He took the reins of power, leaving the boy with the Sultan's slogan and title, then Qutz began to arrange the internal situation in his favor, while rumors filled the sky of Cairo that the young sultan wants to take off Qutuz owned His father, the mother met In the house of one of their elders, they spoke until they succeeded in fixing matters between King Mansour Ali and his father Mamluk Qutuz.
At the same time, the situation was worsened by the sedition caused by the Mamluks in Cairo, and the danger of the failed invasion attempts by al-Mughaith Omar in 1255 AH (1257 AH), and in 656 AH (1258), he worried about Qutz, who went out both times to meet the Mamluks Qutz continued to arrange the kingdom from the inside after facing the external danger, arresting a group of princes for their inclination to King Almoghaith Omar, namely: Prince Izz al-Din Aybak al-Rumi al-Salhi, Prince Saif Bilban Al-Kafouri Salhi al-Ashrafi, and Prince Badr Religion Paktout al-Ashrafi, and Prince Badr d N Bulgan Ashrafi, thus restored to Qutuz it.
His inauguration as Sultan of Egypt
Nearly three years after Nur al-Din Ali ibn Aibek ruled Egypt, the drums of the Tatar wars began to resonate on the borders of Egypt, and the winds of the Tatar invasion of the Levant and Egypt approached, and the boy Sultan Nur al-Din Ali could not do anything about the imminent danger of the nearby Tatars, which was He spends his time riding donkeys and strolling in the castle, playing with pigeons with servants, and with every new news arriving about the brutality of the Tatars, the situation in Egypt was getting more turbulent, and as the Tatar hordes approached the Levant, King Nasser sent a letter carried by the historian and jurist Kamal ibn al-Adeem to Egypt, asking for help. When Ibn al - Adim came to Cairo, a council was held in the It was attended by Sultan al-Mansur boy Nur al-Din Ali, and was attended by senior opinion scholars and judges such as Judge Badr al-Din Hassan al-Senjari, and Sheikh al-Izz bin Abdul Salam, and was among the attendees Saif al-Din Qutz, and this meeting was the last steps Qutz towards his access to the throne of Egypt and the fight of the Tatars Qutz used the castle's meeting to take off the boy's sultan, and began to talk about the disadvantages of Mansour Ali and said: "There must be a compelling Sultan fighting this enemy, and the boy's king does not know the king's plan." Everyone around him, playful at play and his mother controlled a Qutz seized the opportunity when the princes of the Mamluks and comforters went on a fishing trip in the Abbasidiya region in Sharqiya, headed by Prince Seif al-Din Bahader and Prince Alamuddin Singer al-Ghatmi. Sultan al-Mansur Ali and his brother Qaqan and their mother were arrested in one of the towers of the castle.This day ended the reign of Sultan Al-Mansour Ali, which lasted two years, eight months and three days.When the Mamluks came from the hunting trip led by Seif al-Din Bahadr and Alamuddin Singer, they denied Qutz what he did. , Tell them the danger of Tartar accusation Adam on the Levant and Egypt, and said to them: «I mean only to meet to fight the Tatars, and this does not come without a king, if we go out and break this enemy, it is yours in the Sultanate Maahatm».
Arrange the internal situation
Qutz took power in Egypt and was in a very tense situation when the Tartars began to invade the Levant and get closer to the Egyptian homes. The political theater in Cairo was full of turmoil and crises. Many of them fled to the Islamic Emirates in the Levant, and those who remained in Egypt remained on the lookout, and this division weakened the Egyptian military power because the naval Mamluks were the basis of the Egyptian army at the time, and the external political theater was carrying other big problems, With all the emirates of the Levant were completely cut off, and the spirit of extreme hostility prevailed between the parties, as Egypt had no support from its neighboring countries in Africa, and the economic situation in Egypt was not better than the political and social conditions, there is a severe economic crisis going through the country As a result of the successive Crusades, the wars that took place between Egypt and its neighbors in the Levant, and the internal strife and conflicts, and the people themselves were preoccupied with internal and external strife and the economy deteriorated to the extreme.
Sitting on the throne of the Sultanate was not the end of the Mamluk trip to the throne of Egypt, he decided to consolidate his rule at home before going to meet his external enemy and cut off the ambitions of others in the chair of the government on which he sits, gathering princes and senior leaders and senior scientists and opinion owners in Egypt, and all these were He said to them that the reason for taking power is to confront the enemy: “I intended only to meet to fight the Tatars, and this does not come without a king. If we go out and break this enemy, it is up to you in the Sultanate.” Ali and his brother and his mother went to Damietta and arrested them in a tower he built there and fired him The name of the Burj al-Silsila, and then we all understand it to Constantinople, and Qutz also arrested the heads of sedition who tried to come out on his rule and his authority are: Prince Alamuddin Singer Al-Ghatmi, Prince Izz al-Din Aidmar Alnjibi small, Prince Sharaf al-Din Qiran comforter, and Prince Seif Eddin Sultan al-Mansur Ali ibn al-Mu'izz, al-Tawashi, the Cub State, and al-Tawashi Husam al-Din Bilal al-Mughaithi al-Jamdar, arrested them and placed them in Qalaa Prison, thus eliminating the heads of the opposition. The son of the daughter of the most cherished, and Li instead Zainuddin Abdul Yaqub high bin Yazid bin Zubair, acknowledged Persia Prince religion Oqtaa little known Salhi Palmstarb Otabka, and authorized him next to Zinedine Asaker Jacob measure and the use of armies and other matters of jihad and prepare for the war against the Tatars.
After Saif al-Din Qutz ensured calm in his country, he began to apprehend the Ayyubid kings in Syria, especially Nasser Salah Salah of Damascus and Aleppo, and feared the consequences of confronting him instead of confronting the Tatars. He did not dispute the king of Nasser in the king and does not resist him. My presence Siirt Asakr accompanied you who you choose ».
Preparing for the Tartars and the Battle of Ain Goliath
The danger of the Tatars became a threat to Egypt after they were able to take over all the Emirates, countries and Islamic lands until their authority reached Gaza, and there was no battle between them and Egypt until the decisive battle.
Then Qutz faced an economic crisis that prevented him from equipping the army destined to face the Tatars. The Egyptian army must be equipped and equipped with the necessary supplies, repairing bridges, castles and forts, and preparing the necessary tools for war. Sultan al-'Ilam ibn 'Abd al-Salam, Qutz suggested that taxes be imposed to support the army, but this decision needs a fatwa, because Muslims in the state of Islam pay only zakat. Fight them, you may take from the parish what v You will help him in your jihad, provided that nothing remains in the house of money, and sell your money from the characteristics - the belt of the man and the belt of the gilded and precious machinery, and all soldiers are limited to the vehicle and weapons, and they are equal to the public, but take money from the public, with the remains in the hands of the soldier Of money and luxury machines. Al-Izz ibn Abd al-Salam explained that it is not permissible to impose taxes until after the ministers and princes are equal with the public in property, and the army is equipped with the funds of princes and ministers. If these funds are not enough, it is permissible to impose taxes on the people enough to equip the army. Al-Izz ibn Abd al-Salam started himself and sold all his possessions and ordered the ministers and princes to do so, and everyone obeyed and complied with his command. The princes brought all the money and jewelery of their women and swore each one of them that he had nothing in the subcontractors. And spent in equipping the army, but did not suffice this mother In covering the army's expense, Qutz decided to pay a tax on each head of the people of Egypt and Cairo of one and a small dinar, and took from the rent of property for one month, and took from the rich people and merchants Zakat money fast, and took from the civil Turk one third of the money, and took from the Ghaitan and waterways The fare of one month, and the total amount of money raised more than six hundred thousand dinars.
We complete the story on the following link
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